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A network directory service identifies all resources on a network and makes them accessible to users and applications. These resources can include anything from e-mail addresses to computers and peripheral devices, such as printers. Some directory services also manage network authentication. The primary purpose of a directory service is to make the physical network and its various parts transparent to the individual user, who only needs to see a listing of the resources they can access. For example, a user might want to see a directory of company e-mail addresses or a list of all printers on a certain floor of the building. On some web servers you need to enable LDAP for it to function.

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is a protocol that can be used to look up information in a database for other users and network resources. A directory is a database that’s often compared to the telephone White Pages or the Yellow Pages because the information can be searched and quickly found within the indexed database. The directory database itself can consist of a wide variety of information, including not only basic user contact information, such as e-mail addresses or phone numbers, but also objects, such as printers and computers. Some directory services are used to configure and control access to every single network resource object on the entire network or to contain a centralized database of logins and passwords. With such a critical collection of network data, security is of prime important when using directory access protocols such as LDAP.
All LDAP servers have some security controls in place for allowing read and update access to the directory database. Large directories usually have multiple information administrators who have access to update only information pertaining to their departments or regions.
For a client to access an LDAP server, it must first be authenticated, unless the server allows anonymous connections. This type of access control allows the LDAP server to decide exactly what that client can access and what information it can update.

Files can be transferred over the Internet from a computer to a server or between two computers in a Peer-to-peer fashion. The most popular Internet utility for file transfer is File Transfer Protocol, which runs on the Internet underling network protocol, TCP/ip other increasingly Popular method of transferring files over the internet is through the use of peer-to-peer connectivity.

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is One of the oldest Internet applications. FTP is the protocol used to upload files from a workstation to a FTP server or to download files from a FTP server to a workstation By using an FTP application, files can be transferred from one Internet system to another To start an FTP session, you must connect to another system running an FTP service, and then log in with a user name and password Once authenticated, you can upload and download files.